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随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题,服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户,但流量是加密的,要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。

1. 总体性能最优的方案是 TLS 的证书交换机制,除了证书相关的几百个字节之外没有额外的开销,通讯性能也相当好。唯一的问题是证书交换时有明显的握手特征。
2. Shadowsocks 不支持多用户。服务器唯一的兼容做法是尝试使用每一个用户密钥解密流量,在用户量大的时候会影响握手性能。
3. SSR 支持多用户但有一个问题,其对用户ID的加密没有满足密码学的要求。
4. VMess 对于多用户的解决方案是预生成大量的密钥(每秒钟N个,N = AlterID + 1)并缓存哈希后的数据,用空间换时间的方式判断用户ID,并保证ID不会被破解。

Q: 用户ID被破解有什么意义?
A: 由于单个客户端长期使用单个ID(密钥),如果能从流量反推出稳定的ID,那也就间接证明了这些流量都用了某一种协议。



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随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题,服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户,但流量是加密的,要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。

1. 总体性能最优的方案是 TLS 的证书交换机制,除了证书相关的几百个字节之外没有额外的开销,通讯性能也相当好。唯一的问题是证书交换时有明显的握手特征。
2. Shadowsocks 不支持多用户。服务器唯一的兼容做法是尝试使用每一个用户密钥解密流量,在用户量大的时候会影响握手性能。
3. SSR 支持多用户但有一个问题,其对用户ID的加密没有满足密码学的要求。
4. VMess 对于多用户的解决方案是预生成大量的密钥(每秒钟N个,N = AlterID + 1)并缓存哈希后的数据,用空间换时间的方式判断用户ID,并保证ID不会被破解。

Q: 用户ID被破解有什么意义?
A: 由于单个客户端长期使用单个ID(密钥),如果能从流量反推出稳定的ID,那也就间接证明了这些流量都用了某一种协议。

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How to Invest in Bitcoin?

Like a stock, you can buy and hold Bitcoin as an investment. You can even now do so in special retirement accounts called Bitcoin IRAs. No matter where you choose to hold your Bitcoin, people’s philosophies on how to invest it vary: Some buy and hold long term, some buy and aim to sell after a price rally, and others bet on its price decreasing. Bitcoin’s price over time has experienced big price swings, going as low as $5,165 and as high as $28,990 in 2020 alone. “I think in some places, people might be using Bitcoin to pay for things, but the truth is that it’s an asset that looks like it’s going to be increasing in value relatively quickly for some time,” Marquez says. “So why would you sell something that’s going to be worth so much more next year than it is today? The majority of people that hold it are long-term investors.”

To pay the bills, Mr. Durov is issuing investors $1 billion to $1.5 billion of company debt, with the promise of discounted equity if the company eventually goes public, the people briefed on the plans said. He has also announced plans to start selling ads in public Telegram channels as soon as later this year, as well as offering other premium services for businesses and users.

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